ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from angiodysplasiamay may be associated with degenerative aortic valve stenosis , the associated of the two conditions termed Heyde ’ s syndrome.Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and aortic valve stenosis areboth chronic degenerative diseases, and the incidence rate increased with age.Degenerative aortic stenosis can enhance high molec-ular weight polymer damage, which subsequently increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.Aortic valve replacement is considered as the first-line treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis , and can effectively improve the outcomes of hemor-rhagic angiodysplasia and acquired coagulopathy .However, the substantial connection between aortic valve stenosis and gastro-intestinal bleeding remains unclear, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome need more evidences.Herein, we will review the knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment of Heyde’ s syndrome.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the feasibility and clinical efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for patients with Stanford B aortic dissection using personalized two stent-grafts implantation (TSI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective review included 56 patients who underwent TSI during TEVAR for Stanford B aortic dissection from Jan 2012 to May 2013 in Beijing Anzhen hospital. There were 8 patients in acute phase (within 2 weeks from onset of symptoms), 11 patients in chronic phase (greater than 2 months following initial dissection) and 37 patients in subacute phase (between 2 weeks and 2 months from onset of symptoms). Infrarenal aorta was involved in 34 patients (60.7%) and suprarenal aorta involved in 22 patients (39.3%), the mean aortic lesion length was (226 ± 13)mm. Thoracic and abdominal aortic angiography was performed during operation to measure aortic diameters of proximal and distal landing zone, and the distance between them. The proximal stent-grafts were implanted in distal aorta to the origin of left subclavian artery with oversize rate of 10%-15% according to proximal landing zone according to procedural guideline. Then the distal newly customized large tapered stent-grafts were sequentially deployed according to the diameters of both the distal end of proximal stent and distal landing zone (aortic true lumen), and overlapping length of the two stent-grafts was more than 30 mm. Patients were followed-up at 3 months, 6 months, and yearly thereafter post operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TSI procedure was successful in all patients and 122 stent-grafts were implanted. The mean length of implanted stent-grafts was (197.6 ± 20.3)mm. The mean diameter taper span was (7.5 ± 1.8)mm with proximal oversize rate of (12.8 ± 3.4)% and distal oversize rate of (11.2 ± 4.1)%. The mean angle between the distal end of stent and aorta was (2.3 ± 1.3)°. The diameter of proximal and distal landing zone, and angle between the distal end of stent and aorta remained unchanged during follow up (mean: (10.0 ± 4.0) months). The total thrombosis rate of the false lumen was 98.2% (55/56), thrombosis rate of stent segment was 82.1% (46/56) . Stent-related complications were observed in 2 patients (3.6%) , including acute spinal cord ischemia due to paraplegia (n = 1) and malposition of distal stent (n = 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Encouraging short-term outcomes are obtained from current personalized two stent-grafts implantation strategy for patients with Stanford B aortic dissection. Further prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term efficacy of this procedure.</p>